Each tooth is protected by a hard outer layer of enamel above the gumline and cementum below it. Underneath both lies dentin, a porous tissue filled with microscopic tubules that connect directly to the tooth's nerve. When enamel or cementum is worn away or gum tissue recedes, those tubules become exposed. Hot, cold, sweet, or acidic stimuli travel through the tubules and trigger the nerve — producing that familiar sharp, shooting pain.
Sensitivity is almost always a symptom of an underlying condition rather than a standalone diagnosis. Identifying the root cause is the only way to choose the most effective treatment and prevent the issue from progressing into a more serious dental problem.
