The causes of persistent bad breath are more specific — and more treatable — than most people realize. In the vast majority of cases, the source is identifiable during a dental exam. Understanding your personal cause is the foundation of effective treatment.
Gum disease (periodontal disease) is the leading dental cause of halitosis. The bacteria responsible for gum disease thrive in the deep pockets that form between teeth and gums, producing a constant stream of sulfur compounds. Other significant contributors include poor oral hygiene, a coated tongue (where bacterial biofilm accumulates in tongue papillae), dry mouth (which reduces the saliva that neutralizes bacteria), ill-fitting dental work with gaps harboring bacteria, and systemic conditions like acid reflux, sinus infections, and uncontrolled diabetes. Diagnosing which factor is primary determines the treatment path.
